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version4.txt  For Vim version 9.1.  Last change: 2006 Apr 24


                  VIM REFERENCE MANUAL    by Bram Moolenaar


This document lists the incompatible differences between Vim 3.0 and Vim 4.0.
Although 4.0 is mentioned here, this is also for version 4.1, 4.2, etc..

This file is important for everybody upgrading from Vim 3.0.  Read it
carefully to avoid unexpected problems.

'backup' option default changed                 backup-changed
Extension for backup file changed               backup-extension
Structure of swap file changed                  swapfile-changed
"-w scriptout" argument changed                 scriptout-changed
Backspace and Delete keys                       backspace-delete
Escape for | changed                            escape-bar
Key codes changed                               key-codes-changed
Terminal options changed                        termcap-changed
'errorformat' option changed                    errorformat-changed
'graphic' option gone                           graphic-option-gone
'yankendofline' option gone                     ye-option-gone
'icon' and 'title' default value changed        icon-changed
'highlight' option changed                      highlight-changed
'tildeop' and 'weirdinvert' short names changed short-name-changed
Use of "v", "V" and "CTRL-V" in Visual mode     use-visual-cmds
CTRL-B in Insert mode removed                   toggle-revins


'backup' option default changed                         backup-changed
-------------------------------

The default value for 'backup' used to be on.  This resulted in a backup file
being made when the original file was overwritten.

Now the default for 'backup' is off.  As soon as the writing of the file has
successfully finished, the backup file is deleted.  If you want to keep the
backup file, set 'backup' on in your vimrc.  The reason for this change is
that many people complained that leaving a backup file behind is not
Vi-compatible.                                          'backup'


Extension for backup file changed                       backup-extension
---------------------------------

The extension for the backup file used to be ".bak".  Since other programs
also use this extension and some users make copies with this extension, it was
changed to the less obvious "~".  Another advantage is that this takes less
space, which is useful when working on a system with short file names.  For
example, on MS-DOS the backup files for "longfile.c" and "longfile.h" would
both become "longfile.bak"; now they will be "longfile.c~" and "longfile.h~".

If you prefer to use ".bak", you can set the 'backupext' option:
        :set bex=.bak


Structure of swap file changed                          swapfile-changed
------------------------------

The contents of the swap file were extended with several parameters.  Vim
stores the user name and other information about the edited file to make
recovery more easy and to be able to know where the swap file comes from.  The
first part of the swap file can now be understood on a machine with a
different byte order or sizeof(int).  When you try to recover a file on such a
machine, you will get an error message that this is not possible.

Because of this change, swap files cannot be exchanged between 3.0 and 4.0.
If you have a swap file from a crashed session with 3.0, use Vim 3.0 to
recover the file---don't use 4.0.                       swap-file


"-w scriptout" argument changed                         scriptout-changed
-------------------------------

"vim -w scriptout" used to append to the scriptout file.  Since this was
illogical, it now creates a new file.  An existing file is not overwritten
(to avoid destroying an existing file for those who rely on the appending).
[This was removed again later]                                  -w


Backspace and Delete keys                               backspace-delete
-------------------------

In 3.0 both the delete key and the backspace key worked as a backspace in
insert mode; they deleted the character to the left of the cursor.  In 4.0 the
delete key has a new function: it deletes the character under the cursor, just
like it does on the command-line.  If the cursor is after the end of the line
and 'bs' is set, two lines are joined.                  <Del> i_<Del>

In 3.0 the backspace key was always defined as CTRL-H and delete as CTRL-?.
In 4.0 the code for the backspace and delete key is obtained from termcap or
termlib, and adjusted for the "stty erase" value on Unix.  This helps people
who define the erase character according to the keyboard they are working on.
                                                        <BS> i_<BS>

If you prefer backspace and delete in Insert mode to have the old behavior,
put this line in your vimrc:

        inoremap ^? ^H

And you may also want to add these, to fix the values for <BS> and <Del>:

        set t_kb=^H
        set t_kD=^?

(Enter ^H with CTRL-V CTRL-H and ^? with CTRL-V CTRL-? or <Del>.)

If the value for t_kb is correct, but the t_kD value is not, use the ":fixdel"
command.  It will set t_kD according to the value of t_kb.  This is useful if
you are using several different terminals.              :fixdel

When ^H is not recognized as <BS> or <Del>, it is used like a backspace.


Escape for | changed                                    escape-bar
--------------------

When the 'b' flag is present in 'cpoptions', the backslash cannot be used to
escape '|' in mapping and abbreviate commands, only CTRL-V can.  This is
Vi-compatible.  If you work in Vi-compatible mode and had used "\|" to include
a bar in a mapping, this needs to be replaced by "^V|".  See :bar.


Key codes changed                                       key-codes-changed
-----------------

The internal representation of key codes has changed dramatically.  In 3.0 a
one-byte code was used to represent a key.  This caused problems with
different characters sets that also used these codes.  In 4.0 a three-byte
code is used that cannot be confused with a character.          key-notation

If you have used the single-byte key codes in your vimrc for mappings, you
will have to replace them with the 4.0 codes.  Instead of using the three-byte
code directly, you should use the symbolic representation for this in <>.  See
the table below.  The table also lists the old name, as it was used in the 3.0
documentation.

The key names in <> can be used in mappings directly.  This makes it possible
to copy/paste examples or type them literally.  The <> notation has been
introduced for this <>.  The 'B' and '<' flags must not be present in
'cpoptions' to enable this to work 'cpoptions'.

old name        new name          old code      old MS-DOS code
                                hex     dec     hex     dec
<ESC>           <Esc>
<TAB>           <Tab>
<LF>            <NL> <NewLine> <LineFeed>
<SPACE>         <Space>
<NUL>           <Nul>
<BELL>          <Bell>
<BS>            <BS> <BackSpace>
<INSERT>        <Insert>
<DEL>           <Del> <Delete>
<HOME>          <Home>
<END>           <End>
<PAGE_UP>       <PageUp>
<PAGE_DOWN>     <PageDown>

<C_UP>          <Up>            0x80    128     0xb0    176
<C_DOWN>        <Down>          0x81    129     0xb1    177
<C_LEFT>        <Left>          0x82    130     0xb2    178
<C_RIGHT>       <Right>         0x83    131     0xb3    179
<SC_UP>         <S-Up>          0x84    132     0xb4    180
<SC_DOWN>       <S-Down>        0x85    133     0xb5    181
<SC_LEFT>       <S-Left>        0x86    134     0xb6    182
<SC_RIGHT>      <S-Right>       0x87    135     0xb7    183

<F1>            <F1>            0x88    136     0xb8    184
<F2>            <F2>            0x89    137     0xb9    185
<F3>            <F3>            0x8a    138     0xba    186
<F4>            <F4>            0x8b    139     0xbb    187
<F5>            <F5>            0x8c    140     0xbc    188
<F6>            <F6>            0x8d    141     0xbd    189
<F7>            <F7>            0x8e    142     0xbe    190
<F8>            <F8>            0x8f    143     0xbf    191
<F9>            <F9>            0x90    144     0xc0    192
<F10>           <F10>           0x91    145     0xc1    193

<SF1>           <S-F1>          0x92    146     0xc2    194
<SF2>           <S-F2>          0x93    147     0xc3    195
<SF3>           <S-F3>          0x94    148     0xc4    196
<SF4>           <S-F4>          0x95    149     0xc5    197
<SF5>           <S-F5>          0x96    150     0xc6    198
<SF6>           <S-F6>          0x97    151     0xc7    199
<SF7>           <S-F7>          0x98    152     0xc8    200
<SF8>           <S-F8>          0x99    153     0xc9    201
<SF9>           <S-F9>          0x9a    154     0xca    202
<SF10>          <S-F10>         0x9b    155     0xcb    203

<HELP>          <Help>          0x9c    156     0xcc    204
<UNDO>          <Undo>          0x9d    157     0xcd    205

                (not used)      0x9e    158     0xce    206
                (not used)      0x9f    159     0xcf    207


Terminal options changed                                termcap-changed
------------------------

The names of the terminal options have been changed to match the termcap names
of these options.  All terminal options now have the name t_xx, where xx is
the termcap name.  Normally these options are not used, unless you have a
termcap entry that is wrong or incomplete, or you have set the highlight
options to a different value.                           terminal-options

Note that for some keys there is no termcap name.  Use the <> type of name
instead, which is a good idea anyway.

Note that "t_ti" has become "t_mr" (invert/reverse output) and "t_ts" has
become "t_ti" (init terminal mode).  Be careful when you use "t_ti"!

old name        new name        meaning 
t_cdl           t_DL            delete number of lines          t_cdl
t_ci            t_vi            cursor invisible                t_ci
t_cil           t_AL            insert number of lines          t_cil
t_cm            t_cm            move cursor
t_cri           t_RI            cursor number of chars right    t_cri
t_cv            t_ve            cursor visible                  t_cv
t_cvv           t_vs            cursor very visible             t_cvv
t_dl            t_dl            delete line
t_cs            t_cs            scroll region
t_ed            t_cl            clear display                   t_ed
t_el            t_ce            clear line                      t_el
t_il            t_al            insert line                     t_il
                t_da            display may be retained above the screen
                t_db            display may be retained below the screen
t_ke            t_ke            put terminal out of keypad transmit mode
t_ks            t_ks            put terminal in keypad transmit mode
t_ms            t_ms            save to move cursor in highlight mode
t_se            t_se            normal mode (undo t_so)
t_so            t_so            shift out (standout) mode
t_ti            t_mr            reverse highlight
t_tb            t_md            bold mode                       t_tb
t_tp            t_me            highlight end                   t_tp
t_sr            t_sr            scroll reverse
t_te            t_te            out of termcap mode
t_ts            t_ti            into termcap mode               t_ts_old
t_vb            t_vb            visual bell
t_csc           t_CS            cursor is relative to scroll region t_csc

t_ku    t_ku    <Up>            arrow up
t_kd    t_kd    <Down>          arrow down
t_kr    t_kr    <Right>         arrow right
t_kl    t_kl    <Left>          arrow left
t_sku           <S-Up>          shifted arrow up                t_sku
t_skd           <S-Down>        shifted arrow down              t_skd
t_skr   t_%i    <S-Right>       shifted arrow right             t_skr
t_skl   t_#4    <S-Left>        shifted arrow left              t_skl
t_f1    t_k1    <F1>            function key 1                  t_f1
t_f2    t_k2    <F2>            function key 2                  t_f2
t_f3    t_k3    <F3>            function key 3                  t_f3
t_f4    t_k4    <F4>            function key 4                  t_f4
t_f5    t_k5    <F5>            function key 5                  t_f5
t_f6    t_k6    <F6>            function key 6                  t_f6
t_f7    t_k7    <F7>            function key 7                  t_f7
t_f8    t_k8    <F8>            function key 8                  t_f8
t_f9    t_k9    <F9>            function key 9                  t_f9
t_f10   t_k;    <F10>           function key 10                 t_f10
t_sf1           <S-F1>          shifted function key 1          t_sf1
t_sf2           <S-F2>          shifted function key 2          t_sf2
t_sf3           <S-F3>          shifted function key 3          t_sf3
t_sf4           <S-F4>          shifted function key 4          t_sf4
t_sf5           <S-F5>          shifted function key 5          t_sf5
t_sf6           <S-F6>          shifted function key 6          t_sf6
t_sf7           <S-F7>          shifted function key 7          t_sf7
t_sf8           <S-F8>          shifted function key 8          t_sf8
t_sf9           <S-F9>          shifted function key 9          t_sf9
t_sf10          <S-F10>         shifted function key 10         t_sf10
t_help  t_%1    <Help>          help key                        t_help
t_undo  t_&8    <Undo>          undo key                        t_undo


'errorformat' option changed                            errorformat-changed
----------------------------

'errorformat' can now contain several formats, separated by commas.  The first
format that matches is used.  The default values have been adjusted to catch
the most common formats.                                errorformat

If you have a format that contains a comma, it needs to be preceded with a
backslash.  Type two backslashes, because the ":set" command will eat one.


'graphic' option gone                                   graphic-option-gone
---------------------

The 'graphic' option was used to make the characters between <~> and 0xa0
display directly on the screen.  Now the 'isprint' option takes care of this
with many more possibilities.  The default setting is the same; you only need
to look into this if you previously set the 'graphic' option in your vimrc.
                                                        'isprint'


'yankendofline' option gone                             ye-option-gone
---------------------------

The 'yankendofline' option has been removed.  Instead you can just use
        :map Y y$


'icon' and 'title' default value changed                icon-changed
----------------------------------------

The 'title' option is now only set by default if the original title can be
restored.  Avoids "Thanks for flying Vim" titles.  If you want them anyway,
put ":set title" in your vimrc.                         'title'

The default for 'icon' now depends on the possibility of restoring the
original value, just like 'title'.  If you don't like your icon titles to be
changed, add this line to your vimrc:                   'icon'
        :set noicon


'highlight' option changed                              highlight-changed
--------------------------

The 'i' flag now means italic highlighting, instead of invert.  The 'r' flag
is used for reverse highlighting, which is what 'i' used to be.  Normally you
won't see the difference, because italic mode is not supported on most
terminals and reverse mode is used as a fallback.       'highlight'

When an occasion is not present in 'highlight', use the mode from the default
value for 'highlight', instead of reverse mode.


'tildeop' and 'weirdinvert' short names changed         short-name-changed
-----------------------------------------------

Renamed 'to' (abbreviation for 'tildeop') to 'top'.     'tildeop'
Renamed 'wi' (abbreviation for 'weirdinvert') to 'wiv''weirdinvert'

This was done because Vi uses 'wi' as the short name for 'window' and 'to' as
the short name for 'timeout'.  This means that if you try setting these
options, you won't get an error message, but the effect will be different.


Use of "v", "V" and "CTRL-V" in Visual mode             use-visual-cmds
-------------------------------------------

In Visual mode, "v", "V", and "CTRL-V" used to end Visual mode.  Now this
happens only if the Visual mode was in the corresponding type.  Otherwise the
type of Visual mode is changed.  Now only ESC can be used in all circumstances
to end Visual mode without doing anything.              v_V


CTRL-B in Insert mode removed                           toggle-revins
-----------------------------

CTRL-B in Insert mode used to toggle the 'revins' option.  If you don't know
this and accidentally hit CTRL-B, it is very difficult to find out how to undo
it.  Since hardly anybody uses this feature, it is disabled by default.  If
you want to use it, define RIGHTLEFT in feature.h before compiling. 'revins'

 vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: